What is the main function of a buffer in pH control processes?

The main function of a buffer in pH control processes is to stabilize pH. Buffers are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. They achieve this by employing weak acids and their corresponding conjugate bases (or vice versa) to absorb excess hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydroxide ions (OH⁻). This ability to maintain a relatively constant pH is crucial in various biological and chemical processes, especially in wastewater treatment where fluctuations in pH can adversely affect chemical reactions and the effectiveness of treatment processes. The stabilization of pH through buffering systems helps to ensure optimal operating conditions for microorganisms involved in the decomposition of organic matter and overall system efficiency.